- Transport gases, like oxygen from the lungs to cells around the body and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
- Transport nutrients like glucose.
- Transport wastes from cells to organs that play the role of eliminating them.
- It contains cells that fight infections and defend against foreign bodies.
- Maintains the pH levels and ionic concentration of fluids in the body.
- Helps maintain the body temperature, this is especially important in warm blooded animals like humans.
2. Compare and contrast the systemic circulation with the pulmonary system.
systemic circulation moves blood and gas exchange throughout different parts of the body, while the pulmonary system caters specifically to the lungs.
3. Discuss the composition of blood.
Blood consist of cellular material (99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder), water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gases, and cellular wastes
4. Identify the 3 main plasma proteins and give the function of each.
Albumins are transport proteins in the blood.
Globulins, specifically immunoglobulins, work in the immune system as antibodies.
Fribrinogen works in clotting.
5. Describe how physical and chemical structure of red blood cells is related to its
function.
The shape is biconcave, (like a flattened disc), increasing surface area over volume. Because it has no nucleus it allows for more hemoglobin packing space, allowing it to easily bind to oxygen. Red blood cells are conveniently flexible and elastic for squeezing through capillaries.
6. Discuss the production, development, regulation and recycling of red blood cells.
Red blood cells are developed and produced from the red bone marrow in our bodies. When red blood cells are destroyed they are used for the raw material of new red blood cells to be made in the red bone marrow, ultimately a efficient red blood cell recycling and producing site.
7. Identify and discuss the blood cell proteins on the membranes of erythrocytes.
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8. List the different kinds of white blood cells and explain the function of each kind.
NEUTROPHILS
They are the primary defenders against bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophils can be thought of as the "first responders" in an invasion of foreign bacteria or fungi
BASOPHILS
Basophils are the least common type of white blood cell. They make up only about 1% of your white blood cells. The primary function of a basophil is to release a chemical known as histamine in response an infection. Histamine is a chemical that has many functions, but it is primarily responsible for initiating an inflammatory reaction.
EOSINOPHILS Account for about 4% of your leukocytes. These white blood cells are used for two purposes. They are the primary defense against parasitic infections. They are also commonly elevated in cases of allergic reactions, such as hives, or even asthma related to allergies.
MONOCYTES
Monocytes make up about 6% of white blood cells, they travel around in your blood, looking for bacteria, viruses and other "waste" that needs removal. When they find something that needs cleaning up, they swallow the offending particle in a process known as "phagocytosis". After swallowing these bits, the monocyte will break the invader in to smaller pieces and present them on its cell surface so that passing T cells can "learn" more about the chemical make-up of the invader and make it easier to kill more of them. LYMPHOCYTES
There are three different types of lymphocytes; B cells, T cells, and Natural Killer Cells
10. Explain the series of events that cause a ruptured blood vessel to clot.
Broken vessels occur caused when a clot forms and makes the blood vessel bulge from the added pressure. Gradually the vessel is weakened and it breaks.
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