Heart learning guide questions part 1

1. Discuss the reasons for the dual nature of the design in the human circulatory
system.
The double circulatory system refers to the blood flow of two separate systems. 
 

2. Explain the role of atria in the construction and function of the heart.

• Right Atrium: Receives blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava. The superior vena cava returns de-oxygenated blood from the head, neck, arm and chest regions of the body to the right atrium. The inferior vena cava returns de-oxygenated blood from the lower body regions (legs, back, abdomen and pelvis) to the right atrium.
  
  
• Left Atrium: Receives blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary veins extend from the left atrium to the lungs and bring oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.

3. Relate the structure of the ventricles to their primary circulatory function.

• Right ventricle: Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the main pulmonary artery. The main pulmonary artery extends from the right ventricle and branches into left and right pulmonary arteries, which extend to the lungs. At that point oxygen-poor blood picks up oxygen and is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins.
  
  
• Left ventricle: Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the aorta. The aorta carries and distributes oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

4. Identify structural & functional differences between fetal and adult hearts.

Artery	Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart	Carries Non-oxygenated blood away from the fetal heart
Veins	Carries non-oxygenated blood towards the heart	Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart
Exchange of Gases	Takes places in the lungs	Takes place in the placenta
Pressure	Increase pressure on the left side of the heart	Increase pressure on the right side of the heart

5. Describe the location and structural arrangement of the heart in the Human Body.
 The heart is a pear shaped muscle the size of a fist, located in the middle of the human circulatory system, protected by the rib cage in the thoracic cavity.

6. Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle with respect to systolic pressure &
diastolic pressure.
The phases of the cardiac cycle involve ventricular ejection (systolic pressure) and ventricular relaxation (diastolic pressure.)

Heart Learningn Guide part 2

7. Name and discuss the role of all the various valves of the Heart.
The role of heart valves is to pump blood around and out of the heart, the valves allow blood to rush through, but quickly seal again, to prevent back flow. Making sure the heart is efficiently bring blood to the rest of the body.

8. Discuss the role of electrical impulses in coordinating the cardiac cycle.

Electrical impulses are the initial heart beat, when the muscle is pumping. This pattern of electrical impulses causing cardiac muscle contractions, is the cardiac cycle.

9. Describe how the nervous system and hormonal control alters the action of the
heart as a way of adjusting to changes in the body’s demands.

The cardiac cycle is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. The divisions of the system control heart rhythm by affecting the same impulses that contract the heart, corresponding to the bodies demand. For example, aditional hormones may be released to avoid a drop in heart rate if something were to suddenly happen to the body.

10. Explain what happens when a person suffers a heart attack.

11. Describe how a sphygmomometer, used in conjunction with a stethoscope, can be
used to determine a patient’s systolic and diastolic pressures.

• Systolic blood pressure is a measure of blood pressure while the heart is beating
• Diastolic pressure is a measure of blood pressure while the heart is relaxed, between heartbeats

The cuff around a patients arm will be tightened so the heart rate can be read on the gauge. 

12. Discuss ways in which a person can reduce the risks of developing heart disease.
 A person can reduce their risks of heart disease by exercising regularly and eating a balanced plant based diet, avoiding saturated and trans fats. Reducing stress levels and having a regular sleeping patterns also contribute to heart health.

LG 12 Circulatory System questions part 2

11. Compare and contrast the structure and function of arteries and veins.

12. Describe the process of exchange that takes place between blood and body cells.
 


14. Trace the path of blood as it leaves the heart heading for the lungs until it
completes a circulation of the body and returns to the same spot.

15. Identify ways in which fetal circulation is different from adults.

16. Discuss the consequences of hypertension or high blood pressure.

18. Identify the function of the lymphatic system.
A network of vessels, nodes, and organs called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood returns it back to the circulatory system.

19. Compare and contrast the structure and organization of the lymphatic system and
the circulatory system.
Lymphatic system:

Circulatory system: